When villages turn cities and towns….!

The villages are gradually becoming dirtier, with garbage piling up for days and drains clogging. During my recent visits to nearby villages, I realized they are becoming extensions of urban areas, mirroring the same issues we face daily in towns. Single-use plastics are not a rarity in villages. Our visionaries like Mahatma Gandhi and Abdul Kalam brought innovative ideas of their times for rural areas. P.U.R.A initiative for rural development was the vision of Abdul Kalam. PURA, i.e., Providing Urban Amenities in Rural Areas, a concept by Dr A.P.J. Abdul Kalam, was a far-sighted vision.  He dreamed of villages with physical, electronic, and knowledge connectivity, leading to economic connectivity, which would generate markets and bring prosperity to rural areas. Village Swaraj is Gandhi’s idea of self-reliant, self-governing villages. Now the village swaraj has turned digital with an e-Gram Swaraj portal and an app that covers more than 270000 lakh Panchayati Raj Institutions across 28 states and 6 UTs. So it is clear that the views of visionaries are being enforced. While we are in the process of empowering villages with urban comforts, it is also a fact that the villages are losing their natural atmosphere slowly. The environment is slowly degraded.

I do not blame the Government or the authorities for changing characteristics of the villages. People are to blame for their limited knowledge of modern amenities in villages. I am not against providing urban amenities in village areas. Neither modernization is a bad idea. But retaining the village environment and traditional activities such as cottage industry and agriculture is essential. There are more than 640000 villages in India even today. Indian villages have traditionally been known for clean surroundings, agriculture, water bodies, and a close connection with nature. However, rapid urbanisation, population growth, changing lifestyles, and a lack of proper planning are creating many social and environmental problems in rural areas. As we pass through rural areas, it feels like we are entering a miniature city. The rapid growth of farmhouses and resorts in the traditional villages poses a significant threat to the natural village ecosystem. I am genuinely quite concerned about this situation!

Flex banners… ‘flex their muscles’!

Elections may come and go, but the flex menace continues! We have no grudge against the democratic process; however, the flex industry experiences a boom during elections. For flex users, it is cheaper, quicker and easier to produce. Flex banners are made from PVC (polyvinyl chloride) plastic and treated with chemical coatings. While they are inexpensive and waterproof, they are challenging to recycle and can be harmful after disposal. Flex banners do not decompose naturally for many years. After events, they often end up in landfills, lakes, or drains, or are improperly burned. According to India’s amended Plastic Waste Management and Single-Use Plastic (SUP) Rules 2022, plastic or PVC flex banners with a thickness of less than 100 microns are prohibited. To put it simply, 100 microns is approximately the thickness of human hair. Most of the flex banners on the market are thicker than this standard, allowing the flex industry to operate without concern about what happens to used banners. Additionally, the average lifespan of flex banners is only 4 to 8 hours.  The SUP rules have comfortably forgotten that the flex banners used in India are between 150 and 400 microns in thickness. So, the SUP rules have no teeth to stop the flex menace. Today, we cannot think of a day without flex. All printers burn their midnight oil to meet deadlines.

The flex industry has grown like anything. We learn that a formidable 250,000 to 500,000 tons per annum of PVC flex/banner material are produced in India. The turnover in monetary terms may be approximately ₹4,000 crore to ₹8,000 crore per year (combined manufacturing + printing + sales ecosystem). Flex banner material is only a small fraction of India’s total PVC use, but substantial due to the huge advertising market. What happens after an event? It remains uncared for or is getting dilapidated, ultimately to be carried away by municipal vans to the landfills. Flex banners can be recycled, but recycling is difficult, limited, and not widely organized in India. But mechanized shredding is posing a challenge, due to the chemicals and dirt present. Some NGOs are into upcycling, but that may be negligible. But somehow, we have forgotten the olden days when everyone used cloth banners, and flex had no role, but elections and public functions went on as usual. Even today, cloth or fabric banners are a better choice than the flex banners. I always use fabric banners for Green Circle programs, as the cloth banner Industry has almost vanished, and no cloth banner designers are seen nowadays.

Under these circumstances, the SUP rules must be reviewed to increase the banned size from 100 microns to 250 microns immediately.

Will the new SWM rules bring change?

Yes, it should bring change and create a cleaner environment, ideally! But let us look back at the bygone decade. The old rules from 2016 have remained in effect for 10 years, and it’s time to say goodbye to them and introduce new regulations. The new rules were scheduled to take effect on April 1, 2026. However, when I shared my thoughts with South Express readers, I found that many were not well-informed about these changes. Are we serious about implementation? Even large institutions and apartment complexes that are expected to implement these regulations immediately (referred to as Bulk Waste Generators, or BWGs) seemed unaware of them. After 45 days, I now see some mentions of the new rules on social media, but I worry about whether SWM 2026 will garner much attention or face the same fate as the old SWM 2016 regulations. The fundamental concept of having separate bins for dry and wet waste, established in the 2016 rules, has still not been properly implemented to this day. Now, instead of two bins, we have moved to four bins. The government has initiated a more scientific approach in the current set of waste management rules. We need to transition from “Waste Disposal” to “Resource Recovery.” Instead of using two bins, we have now adopted a four-stream system that includes separate bins for DRY and WET waste, as well as SANITARY and SPECIAL CARE waste. Bulk Waste Generators now bear greater responsibility, as new regulations require compliance proofs. Apartments and institutions that generate 100 kg of waste, have an area of 20,000 square meters, or use 10,000 kiloliters of water, must segregate waste at the source. They are also required to start composting their wet waste on the premises. For dry waste and other types of waste, facilities must either recycle the material on-site or obtain the necessary EBWGR (Environmental Bulk Waste Generator Registration) certificates in order to transport the waste to a Material Recovery Facility (MRF). Moreover, a digital Governance is introduced to ensure stronger enforcement, clearly invoking the Polluter Pays Principle to create measurable accountability. In a nutshell, the vision is pointing to a circular economy to emphasize recycling and reuse, generate RDF fuel, encourage biomethanation and ensure landfill reduction

It is a far-sighted vision, undoubtedly, but the question is how it is going to be realized

Are we colour blind?

GREEN, BLUE, RED and BLACK! We all know these colours undoubtedly. The last time when I wrote about the four-stream segregation system, I relied on AI technology to generate four types of bins according to the Solid Waste Management Rules 2026, which were enforced by the Government of India starting April 1, 2026. However, I overlooked the colour codes suggested by these rules. Both the AI and I made an error in this regard. When someone pointed out the incorrect colour code in my representative sketch, I realised my mistake. The person who commented on my sketch in a social media group was quite vocal, urging me to withdraw it from circulation. She may be a municipal official, but I’m not certain. I assured her that I would correct the error, as it was indeed a mistake. It’s common for us to feel defensive when our mistakes are highlighted, but in my case, it was simply an oversight due to my reliance on AI. It’s important to remember that we learn through trial and error in life. But what is a big deal about colour? In the SWM rules 2016, two colour bins were highlighted, namely green and blue. But the reader will agree that not many were so concerned about the colour. We used the bins interchangeably. I have seen many green bins with dry waste and blue bins with mixed waste. Let the Municipal officials touch their hearts and say, how many followed the colour code religiously. When waiting for the boarding call at an airport, I sipped a cold drink from a Tetra Pak. Not so happy with the taste, I wanted to discard it in a blue bin, but I was in a dilemma whether the tetra pak was dry or wet because the wet content was still inside. A used toothpaste tube always has leftover wet contents. Swiggy or Zomato pizza and cakes had sticky food contents in the wraps. We used to dump the dry wrap with wet contents in dry bins. Google AI suggests that it’s better to put it in general waste than to contaminate dry recyclables. But where is the general waste bin? If General bins are also placed, everyone will use the same only. Then the very purpose of segregation at source is defeated. But, don’t worry, most of us are colour blind, and we will continue to mess up with the colours for sure! My main concern now is whether the 4-stream waste segregation system will be effectively followed. When discarding waste, individuals need to determine if an item is dry, wet, sanitary, or hazardous. However, the world is moving at a fast pace, and many people don’t have the time to consider these details. Additionally, education in our country is often insufficient for understanding the basics of waste management. Even those who are well-educated try to find shortcuts for disposal. Recently, I witnessed a high-end car speeding by, and someone inside irresponsibly threw a plastic bag of food waste onto the roadside. Would this obnoxious behaviour happen in advanced nations? It is another matter that we often boast that we are the third-largest economy!